Profile of Kirsten Gillibrand - Biography of Kirsten Gillibrand

Profile of Kirsten Gillibrand - Biography of Kirsten Gillibrand Kirsten Rutnik Gillibrand Position Representative for New Yorks 20th Congressional District from January 3, 2007 - January 23, 2009Appointed by New York Governor David Paterson to New Yorks second seat in the US Senate on January 23, 2009, filling the vacancy created by Senator Hillary Clintons appointment as US Secretary of State. Childhood and Education Born in Albany, NY on December 9, 1966, she was raised in the tri-city Capital Region of New York State. Attended the Academy of the Holy Names, Albany, NYGraduated from Emma Willard School in Troy, NY in 1984Graduated from Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH in 1988, B.A. in Asian StudiesGraduated from University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1991, earning her J.D. Professional Career Attorney in the law firm Boies, Schiller FlexnerLaw Clerk, Second Circuit Court of Appeals Political Career During the Bill Clinton administration, Gillibrand served as Special Counsel to the U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Andrew Cuomo.Elected to the 110th and 111th Congress as Representative for New Yorks 20th Congressional District which stretches from the city of Poughkeepsie in the Hudson Valley to Lake Placid in the states North Country. She is the districts first female representative. Congressional Career Served on the House Armed Services Committee and two of its subcommittees: Terrorism and Unconventional Threats and Capabilities; and Seapower and Expeditionary Forces. Served on the Agriculture Committee and three of its subcommittees: Livestock, Dairy and Poultry; Conservation, Credit, Energy and Research; and Horticulture and Organic Agriculture. Co-founded the Congressional High Tech Caucus with the goal of ensuring that the US remains at the forefront of emerging technologies and high tech industries. Gillibrand is strongly pro-gun. She comes from a family of hunters and has stated that preserving [gun ownership] is a priority of mine in Congress....I will continue to oppose legislation that will restrict the rights of responsible gun owners. She is also pro-choice and has received the highest rating given by the National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL). Gillibrand is a fiscal conservative, earning her the label  Blue Dog Democrat; representing a primarily rural district, she voted against the $700 billion Wall Street bailout bill in 2008. She acknowledges that her voting record has veered conservative;  she opposes a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants, and in 2007 voted for funding to extend the Iraq war. Family Political Connections Gillibrands father is Douglas Rutnik, an Albany lobbyist with strong political ties  to several once-prominent and powerful New York Republicans including former Governor George Pataki and former Senator Al DAmato. Personal Life Gillibrand is the product of a single-sex education, having attended two all-female schools: the Academy of the Holy Names in Albany, a Catholic college preparatory school, and the Emma Willard School, the first school for girls established in the US. Married to Jonathan Gillibrand, she is the mother o two children four year old Theo and infant Henry . The family resides in Hudson, New York.

4 Types of Context Clues

4 Types of Context Clues Just like a detective following the clues that lead to the perpetrator of a crime, you as a reader must use the clues hidden in a text passage to determine the meaning of difficult vocabulary words. Context clues are simply that: hints or additional information the author provides (purposefully or not) that can help you understand the meaning of a particular word or phrase. These clues can be located in the same sentence as the vocabulary word, but they can also appear elsewhere in the passage.   Why Context Clues Are Important When youre working on the reading section of a standardized test, youre going to have to employ some prowess to get you through. Understanding how various types of context clues work can help you to understand difficult vocabulary words, which is a must on a long reading section. The text may be chock-full of words you dont completely grasp. Outside of the passage, you may not have any idea what they mean, but inside the passage, where all the juicy tidbits of their clues lie, you can figure those challenging words out. Context clues are also helpful when youre working to determine the main idea  of a passage and struggling to  make inferences because those words can help connect the dots in incredibly useful ways. Four Types of Context Clues A number of different types of context clues can be present in reading passages because every author writes in a different way. Some authors offer very little explanation for difficult words, throwing tough vocabulary in everywhere with little or no help, while other authors carefully craft their passages to ensure the reader can understand everything he or she is trying to explain. Everything from the restatement of a word to an outright explanation of the word in action can be present to aid in a readers comprehension. Context Clue No. 1: Definition or Restatement The meaning of the vocabulary word is in the sentence itself, usually following the vocabulary word. Jacks duplicity- crafty dishonesty- enabled him to steal his coworkers pensions by funneling their money into an offshore account. Notice how the dashes set off the definition. Commas or parentheses setting off a descriptive phrase directly after the vocabulary word (an appositive) can also point you to it, such as in clue no. 2. Context Clue No. 2: Synonym The sentence uses a similar word to help explain the meaning of the vocabulary word. The baseball coach punished the teams duplicity, or deceitfulness after they admitted to using steroids to boost their batting averages. Context Clue No. 3: Antonym/Opposite/Contrast The sentence uses a word with an opposite definition to give the meaning of the vocabulary word. It was your duplicity that caused me to break up with you! Had you been honest, I wouldnt have felt the need.Unlike my last employee, who had integrity to spare, you have nothing more than duplicity and will not receive a recommendation from me for another job. Context Clue No. 4: Example or Explanation This type of context clue uses examples to help the reader infer the meaning of the vocabulary word. His duplicity involved lowering his employees salaries, increasing their stock options, and then stealing the money he saved by doing so.I was aghast at her duplicity when she stole my diamond earrings, sold them on eBay, and lied to me about it the whole time. Try Out Your Suspected Definition After examining the context of the passage for clues to the unclear word, you should have an idea of what the vocabulary word means. Based on your estimate, try out a word in the sentence in its place to see if it makes sense.